Impact of osmotic and thermal isolation barrier on concentration and temperature polarization and energy efficiency in a novel FO-MD integrated module

In this study, a novel integrated forward osmosis - membrane distillation (FO-MD) module equipped with an isolation barrier carefully placed between the FO and MD membranes is experimentally investigated, its performance compared conventional hybrid module. The function of to osmotically thermally separate draw solution (DS) feed channels. A systematic approach adopted compare flux through both modules under (i) different similar hydrodynamic conditions, (ii) DS concentrations temperatures, (iii) concentrations. All experiments were performed for 9 h each in batch mode using custom-made compact New sheets mounted experiment ensure similarity operating conditions. proposed design increased by 22.1% same dimensions but 16.6% conditions dimensions. FO/MD energy ratio reduced from 0.89 0.64 module, indicating better utilization (primarily MD). gain output (GOR) on average 15.8% maximum increment 20.7%. temperature concentration polarization coefficients operations showed improvements 17.4% 2.6%, respectively. presence inside indicated promising internal heat recovery, further significant enhancements are expected larger scale modules. Additionally, offers unprecedented process integration opportunities FO-MD as well other systems.